Building construction



c, Ml, 937. L 11 THORN 2,3@2443 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 17, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet l Z y j. az

m V 1o 62@ L. T. THORN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 17, 1955 Dec., M, w37, L. fr. THQRN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 9 Sheets-Sheet 4i- Filed Jan. 17, 1935 www f t ma.

Bec. M, 1937., L. T. THORN 25102443 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 17, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec. i4, 1937., L. T. THORN 2,102,443

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 1'7, 1955 v 9 Sheets-Sheel 6 [Zo i r-H 'a l 4 W H/ 5652,.

Dec.V 14, 1937, L. T. THoRN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 17, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 a T w e c vill', lll

Dec. E14, 1937. l

L. T. A'rHoRN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 17, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 Wg M, 1937., a.. T. THQRN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. i7, 1935 9 sheets-sheet 9 Tarp Patented Dec. 14, 1937 UNrrao STATES PATENT OFFICE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Lawrence T. Thorn, Memphis, Tenn. Application January 17, 1973 5, .,Serial No." 2,2711 Y `1 C1.-.im:""'(o1. 72-115) This invention relates to aY concrete construction which employs precast units and to the system whereby such units may be united together by the use of a filled in bonding concrete.

It further relates to arsystem of construction utilizing similar units and so adapting them that other types of units may be nailed thereto.

Among the objects of the invention are:

To provide a concrete stud for building construction whichy has on one or more faces or sides thereof, undercut slots adapted to receive and mechanically retain other concrete orrmaterial placed therein;

-To provide slab units having on at least one side thereof undercut slots adapted to receive concrete or other type of material cast therein, and to be mechanically retained thereby;

To provide a method for securing a slab to a stud by filling abutting slot portions of both thereof with a bonding .concrete or other material which will set and mechanically bond the slab to the stud;

To provide in a construction employing such studs; material cast in the slots on o-ne or more faces thereof, adapted to receive and hold nails or the like driven thereinto, whereby lath or wall boards of various types or other devices may be directly nailed to such studs;

To provide a floor beam construction employ- V ing beams having particularly on their upper and under-surfaces, undercut slots adapted to re-` To provide means for anchoring such studs to supporting foundations or supported parts and/ or such beams to supporting members and/or wall surfaces abutting their ends, and forutilizingV such tie-in means for lreinforcing the studs or beams; and g To generally provideV a building construction employing such studs and beams and slab construction. Y Y

In carrying out these objects, studs or beams are cast of concrete and. are suitably reinforced for the purposes for which they are to be used. These studs or beams may be of any desired cross-section, preferably being either of rectangular or modified I-beam type. Where they are of rectangular type under-cut grooves are formed throughout their length in such sides and number of sides thereof as may be desired for the purposes to which they are to be used.l Where the beams areV of I-beam shape, ordinarily only the two opposed narrower faces are rsealing element in place. f

so undercut. Wall slabs are similarly .provided which are ordinarily provided on one of their faces with longitudinal slots or linesY of slots. These slabs may be assembled against the face of the studs or beams withthe slots of the slabs and beams facing and bondingrconcrete poured into the slots, which concrete after setting up mechanically anchors the two together.

When it is desired to nail on wall boards, lath or other things, as to form an interior of the wall or ceiling, the groove on the inner side of the stud, or under side of the beam, as the case may be, may be lled with concrete into which nails or the like may beV driven or fastened and.

such surfacing materials be nailed or otherwise securedv directly thereto. Y

The means by which the foregoing objects are accomplished and the mannerV of their accomplishment, will further readily 'be'` understood from the following specification on reference to the accompanying drawings, in which,-

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fragmentary portion of a stud and slabs assembled ready to receive a bonding concrete for securing the slab to the stud.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional elen vation showing manner inV which the bonding permitting attachment of door over. window frames.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of one of the attaching .or reinforcing clips.

forms of undercut slots. y

Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively a plan and transverse section of the slab shownin Fig..5.

Fig. 8 is .a Vertical sectional elevation of a stud with 'slots on both sides, and showing method Vof attaching stud to foundations.

Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of a slab showing the.V

Fig. 9 is Va sectional plan taken as on the line Y IX-IX of Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is anenlarged detail Vview of thehorizontal joint between two slabs, showing a joint Fig.V 12 is a sectional plan showing precast trim mentary portion of a window sill, and the method of their attachment to the studs.

Fig. 13 is a similar sectional plan showing a door jamb and interior wallv construction withV wall slabs nailed on.

Fig. 14 is a Vertical sectional elevation taken as on the line XIV- XIV of Fig. 15, looking in the direction'of the arrow.

Fig. 15 is a plan taken-on the line XV--XV of Fig. 14:.`

Fig. 16Y is a sectional elevation taken as on the line XVI-XVIpf Fig. 15, joist and stud being shown in elevation.,Y

Figil'f/k' is a plan view of precast Vplates used as 15 bottom forms for the ring beam.

. Fig. 18 is a sectional plan of av modified form of studfshowingthe bonding concrete filled between the ends of twowallslabs and anchoring these slabs to the stud. e-

Fig. 19 is a section plan View showing a modified means for securing the wall slabs to the studs, and showing interior wall slabs nailed to a composite stud.

Fig. 20 is a transverse sectional elevation of the same wall taken as on the line XX-IQi of Fig. 19.

Fig. 21 is an elevation of the stud and wall structure shown in Fig. 19.

Fig. 22 is a sectional plan of an interior partition wall and studs of single slab construction in which a composite slab is used.

Fig. 23 is an elevation of a fragmentary portion of the wall shown in Fig. 22 showing an edge interlocking element and stiffener for the wall panels.

Fig. 24 is an enlarged fragmentaryV section taken as on the line XXIV-'XXIV of Figs. 22 and 23, showing the edge interlocking element and stiffener.

Figs. 25 and26 arerespectively'an edge and -plan View of the stiifener shown in Fig. 24.

Fig. 32 is a sectional plan showing a modified' stud construction of steel and concrete.

Fig. 33 is a sectional plan showing a modified construction in which a brick or stone, wall slab is secured to the studs.

Fig. 34 is a corresponding elevation.

Fig. 35 is a sectional plan taken as on the line vXXXV of Fig. 36, showing means and method of attaching monolithic concrete walls to precast Yconcrete studs. f Y

Fig. 36 is a front elevation of a fragmentary portion of the stud and wall shown in Fig. 35.

Fig. 37 is a fragmentary sectional 4side elevation Vtaken as on the line XXXVII of Fig. 35.

Fig. 38 is a fragmentary transverse sectional elevation taken as on the line IQIXVIII of Fig. 36. Fig. 39 is an enlarged sectional plan of the form member used for forming the undercut slots and which form was shown on asmaller scale in Fig. 35. k .Y

Fig. 40 is a sectional elevation taken as on the line XL of Fig. 41 showing spaced plates attached to precast slabs as forms for monolithic concrete studs.

Fig. 41 is a sectional plan `on a reduced scale of a plurality of studs and wall slabs taken as on the line XLI-XLI of Fig. 40, and Y Fig. 42 is a corresponding sectional plan of one stud and adjacent wall slabs.

Fig. 43 is a section on the line XLIII of Fig. 40 showing fragmentary portions of form plates.

Fig. 44 is a perspective view of a form plate. Fig. 45 is a transverse sectional elevation on the line XLV-XLV of Fig. 41.

Fig. 4 6 is an enlargement of-a detail of the l plate shown in Fig. 43 and enclosedby the circle XLVI in Figs. 40 and 44. Y

Fig. 46A is a detail of the clip.

Fig. 47 is a sectional elevation taken as on the line XLVII of Fig. 48 showing a modification of the structure shown in Fig. 40, using precast slabs on outer wall surface and insulating board and plaster as the inner surface.

Fig. 48 is a corresponding sectional plan onV a redu`cedscale..=\ K

Fig. 49 is a sectionalelemorresponding to Fig. 40 showing a further mo 1 cation of the structure in which insulating board and plaster are used as surfacing for both sides of the wall.

Fig. 50 is a corresponding sectional plan on a reduced scale.

Fig. 50A is a perspective view of a stiifener clamp shown in plan in Fig. 50.

Fig. 51 is an enlarged section of a column form plate taken as on the line LI of Fig. 49.

Fig. 52 is a sectional elevation taken as on the line LII of Fig. 53, corresponding to Fig. 40 showing a further modification in which the outer wall surface is brick and the inner surface insulating board and plaster.

Fig. 53 is a corresponding sectional plan on a reduced scale. Y Fig. 54 is a fragmentary section taken as on the line LIV of Fig. 52 showing means for tieing a stud forming plate to the brick wall.

Fig. 55 is a perspective View of the same parts shown in Fig. 54.

Referring now to the drawings in which the various parts are indicated by numerals, is a stud of generally I-beam form which may be of plain concrete, or if desired, reinforced, as with suitable reinforcing rods 6I. Opposite Vfaces of the stud are provided with undercut grooves 62 usually of identical shape. The side walls 63 of these slots preferably extend inward from the faces along substantially parallel lines for about f one-half the depth of the slot and then diverge toward the back or bottom 64, thus making a slot in which concrete or mortar of some desired type may be placed and which concrete when lit sets up in the slot is mechanically keyed or tied thereto.V Y Y 55 are slabs'which are also shown of concrete.v

These slabs are provided on their innerfaces with an undercut slot, or slots fwhich slots are also adapted to be filled Vinwith concrete or mortar, and which concrete or mortar will after setting, mechanically interlock with the slot. "I'he slots 66 may extend continuously from end to end of the slab as shown in Fig. 5; or a series of short slots B1 also shown in Fig. 5, maybe used instead of one continuous slot. The slabs S5 are ordinarily made up in uniform lengths, which are a multiple of the stud spacing, which is to be used inY any particular building construction.r It is found for instance that a two foot Spacing of studs and four foot slabs are veryfconvenient spacing and lengths respectively.

. In such cases, where short slots 51 are used, the

center to center spacing of these slots along the 75 cok length of the slab would be two feet, and the length of the slot on either side of such center spacing would be somewhat greater than that necessary to provide for the width of the stud with which it is to be used, thus providing some leeway in the spacing of the studs. The upper edge of the slabs 65 are bevelled with the apex 68 of the bevelling upward and the undersurface is provided with a complementary groove 69 adapted to receive on an underlying slab. The ends of the slabs are preferably similarly bevelled.

1D is a reinforcing rod shown disposed in the slot 62.

In Fig. 2 the upper portion of the slot 62 and Some of the slab slots 66 are shown prior to pouring concrete therein. 1| is a reinforcing clip extending from one of the slab slots 66 into the stud slots 62. The lower portion of the slots 62 and the adjacent slab slots 66 are shown filled with a bonding concrete 12 securing the slabs to the stud and which concrete when set up will, by

its mechanical interlock in the slots, mechanically tie the slab and stud together.

InA Figs. 3 and 4 modified form 1|A of the slot reinforcement is shown. 12A is concrete adapted to have nails, screws or the like driven thereinto and designated as nailing-concrete, which is filled into one slot 62 of the stud 60, into which concrete nails 13 may be driven to secure an insulating board 14 to the studs. 15 is a plaster finish on the insulating board 14. 66A is a modied form of studs 60 having an additional slot 62A which is filled with a nailing concrete 12A to receive and hold nails 16 by which a door jamb 11 or a window frame 18 may be secured to the side of the stud 60A. Y

Figs. 8 to 11 inclusive show slabs 65 secured to both faces of the stud 66 by bonding concrete 12 filled into the slab slots 66 and the stud slots 62 respectively and allowed to set. A strip of plastic material 19 preferably of bituminous nature may be placed between the top of each slab 65 and the underlying slab to form a water tight joint. is a concrete foundation for supporting the studs 60 and wall slabs fastened thereto. The vertical reinforcing rods 16 may be anchored in this concrete foundation and extend upward therefrom, being bonded in the slots 62 when the bonding concrete lling is placed in the slots to Secure the slabs to the studs. Preferably the vertical joints 8| between the ends of any two slabs 65 comes at the center of a stud 60 so that the end joint thereof is sealed by the bonding concrete 12. Y

In Fig. 12 a precast concrete door jamb and trim 82 is shown locked to the studs 66A as by lled in bonding concrete 12. The door trim 82 may also be provided with an undercut slot 83 and this slot be filled with nailing concrete 84 to permit an additional wooden portion 85 ofthe door trim to be secured thereto as by nails 86. 81 is a window sill, and 88 a window trim secured to nailing concrete 12 in the side slot of the stud 60A as by nails. 89 are panel boards secured to the nailing concrete 12 inthe studs by nails. Metal lath (Fig. 13) maybe similarly secured to the nailing concrete 12 of the studs.

In Fig. 14, shoulders 9| are shown on the upper ends of the studs 66. precast plates 92 which in plan preferably are of the conformation shown in Fig,` 11 and which serve as bottom forms for ring-beams 83. Sli are precast floor joists which are supported on the upper ends of the studs 60 and which preferably do not extend to the slab 65. These floor These shoulders supportY A precast corner member 98 may be assembled against the outer sides of the wall slabs 65 atthe corner of two walls, and the space between the studs 68 and this cornerV member be lled inwith. A-

monolithic concrete 99 to tie the structure together, The corner member-98 'is provided with Vundercut slots |00 into which this concrete bonds,

to mechanically tie the corner member to the structure. Preferably the joists 94 are provided with suitable longitudinal reinforcement |6|.

In Fig. 18 a modified type of stud 60B is shown having undercut slots 62B and 62C. The wall slabs 65 are spaced apart` at their ends and are locked to the stud 60B by bonding concretev |62, p

filled between the ends of the slabs and into the slots 62C. v Y

In Fig. 19 modified forms 60C and 66D of stu are shown havingone or more sides finished and designed to be left exposed; these studs are provided with typical under-cut slots 62D, the studs being so placed for use that a slot of Vone stud faces a slot of the next stud. 65A are forms of wall slabs of such length that theirends may be slipped into a facing pair of slots and after centering that they may be secured in such slots by bonding concrete lled thereinto. An interior wall surface may be preferably used, and may be wall board 89 secured to the nailing concrete 12A as before described.

A similar type of construction is indicated in Figs. 22 to 27 inclusive, in which studs 60C, 60E and GDF are used. In the construction there shown, insulating boards or the like |03 are secured in the facing slots of the studs and are secured therein by bonding concrete poured in place and thereafter the inner and outer surfaces 'of the wall are finished with plaster surface |64 on opposite sides thereof. To stiffen the insulating board and secure the lower edge of one board in alignment with the upper edge of an adjacent board, metal plates |65 may be used, these plates preferably extending from stud to stud and having alternate triangular points |66, |61 extending upward and downward respectively therefrom, these points being adapted to be embedded respectively in the under edges of the upper boards and in the upper edges of the lower boards.

Where as shown in Fig. 28 it is desired to put in a transverse wall |68, other than in linek with a stud 66, an additional stud 68G may be introduced at the desired point, the wall |68 or any of the other walls being of such typical construction as before described.

In Figs. 29 and 30, 94A are joists having nailing concrete 12A in their under-surfaces to which ceiling slabs |09 are secured as by nailing. Il!) are floor slabs, the ends of which rest on the joists 94A, but are spaced apart to receive bonding concrete which keys them together and to the top of the joists. Y

In Fig. 29 a stud 66 for supporting an upper floor or roof is shown supported on a pair of the joists`54A. The lower end of the stud is shouldered to leave a downwardly extending center portion H2 which extends'preferably slightly below the floor slabs H and into the space between the two joists. Vertical reinforcing rods A in the stud grooves 62 extend below the end l of the studs and into the space between the joists.

After the stud is set up the space between the joists and around the lower end H2 of the stud and the reinforcing rod 10 is filled with thebonding concrete IH to tie the studs to the joists.

In FigfSO a stud 60, supports the joists 94A, the reinforcihgrod 10A in the stud groove 62 extending upward andbeing bonded to the joists 94A by the bonding concrete |I I.

AVAII`1"FigC31,`94B is a roof joist or rafter directly supporting a roof structure. H3 `are roof slabs having undercut grooves. H4 therein which grooves are lledwith--nailing concrete H5, these slabs extending from joist to joist as do thefloon slabs H0 in Figl 30, their ends being spaced apart as there shown. They are secured to the joists by filling the space between the ends with bonding concrete H IA, this concrete keying into the grooves 94C of the joists. H6 is roofing material such as slate or shingles nailed directly to the nailing concrete of the roof slabs.

In Fig. 32 a modified form 60B of stud is show in which the shell ofY the stud is made up of two structural channels H1 assembled with their anges I I8 facing, the channels being secured together by an intermediate structural member I I9 welded to the channel Webs. The member I I9 divides the stud into two sections which as shown are respectively filled on the one side with nailing concrete |20 and on the other side with bonding concrete |2I, the latter concrete being filled in after the wall slabs 65 are placed to lock these wall slabs'in place. 89 is the wall board secured to the nailing concrete |20 by nails 13.

In Fig. 33 a stone wall-slabl |22 is secured to a stud 60 by bonding concrete 12. To effect the securing of this slab, a slot |23 is channeled in the back of the slab, and this slot, together with the undercut groove 62 is filled with the bonding concrete 12. |24 are reinforcing clips imbedded in the concrete. |25 are brick laid up in courses. |26 is a reinforcing rod extending lengthwise of these courses. tween courses of brick and extending into the grooves 62 of the stud 60, these grooves as before, being filled with bonding concrete to bond in the reinforcing clips.

Figs. 35 to 39 inclusive, illustrate constructiony methods which may be employed in utilizing the vstuds in connection with a monolithic wall. |28 are horizontally disposed stringers to which form planks |29 are secured. |30 are blocks spacing the form planks |29 from the studs 60. I3| are vertically disposed wooden posts which are bolted to U shape clamps |32, these clamps each extending around a stud S0. |33 are form planks secured to the post |3| and extending from stu-d to stud. |34 are `tie rods or bolts-tieing the studs |3| to the horizontal stringers |28. The outer ends of the bolts V|34 are slotted to receive wedge shaped keys |35. rThese forms are set up and monolithic wall concrete |36 isv cast in place in the forms, the concrete keying into the undercut groove 62 of the studs. l

In forming the undercut grooves 52 in the st uds 60 or forming similar undercut grooves in the monolithic concrete for later use. a core is made up as shown in Fig. 39. `This core com- Y prises a beveled edged core part |36 of soft rub- |21 are reinforcing clips laid begroove, and a strip |31 which may be of metal slots therein. In this modification column forms are set up between the wall slabs 65, havingthe undercut slots 66 therein.

In these modifications |40 are rectangular metal plates having a width equal to the desired spacing between Wall slabs and preferably a height equal to the width of the wall slabs. These plates have one edge formed with flanges |4| thereon, from whichrflanges clips |42 are formed which clips are adapted-tochter the undercut grooves 66. These clips are preferablyformed initially as shown in the enlarged ViewvFig. 46,"of such width from point to point that they will ,Venter the grooves 66. After entering the grooves 66 the plate is forcedV against the slab 65, spreading the points of the clips to the position |42A also there shown and thereby interlocking the clips with the grooves. The top and bottom edges of the plates |40 are divided into three equalv parts. The outer two of these |43 on the top edge are bent laterally to one side of the plate andthe center one |44 to the opposite side thereof. The bottom lugs |45 and |46 are bent in opposite and complementary manner, so that when two plates are assembled one above thefother, such plate lugs will interlock and prevent separation, and the plates will tie the wallslots together.

These plates |40 are set up between the slabs in pairs spaced apart to give the desired column size and the space between the two plates lled in, the concrete |41 forming the column and interlocking directly with that portion of the undercut slab slots 66 lying between the plates...

and also spreading along the slots past the plates to surround and imbed the clips |42.

In Figs. 4'7 to 5l inclusive, a construction similar to that above described is shown lexcept that the construction is modified to use the insulating Y board 14 and plaster 15 in connection with oppositely disposed wall slabs 65. In this construction, plates |40A have clips |42 formed thereon as before, but the opposite edges of the plates have spaced flanges |50, |5| turned at right angles thereto which flanges are adapted to engage the end edges of the boards 14 and tie the |54 are clip plates having spaced lugs |55, |56,`

adapted to engage the upper edges of wall Yboards 14 intermediate column forms for stiffening purposes during construction.

In Figs. 52 to 55 inclusive, a further modication is shown in which one wall surface is formed of brick. In this modification one edge of the plate |40B has alternating oppositely disposed flange portions |60, |6I, extending at right angles therefrom. |62 is a retaining member having inwardly turned flanges |63 which form grooves |64 adapted to receive the flanges |60, |6| of the plate |40B, the plate flanges being engaged with the groove |64 by sliding them down- Wardtherein. The retaining member '|62 has a backwardly turned clip portion |65, atv its upper end, which clip portion is imbedded in the mortar jointV |66 between two courses `of brick |01 as the courses are laid up. The flanges |60, |6| f the plates |40B when interlocked with the retaining members secure the plates |40B against lateral displacement and also'tie the brick wall to the inner insulating board and plaster wall 14, 15. The column spacesV formed as before, by two sets of the plates |40B is filled in with concrete to form the column or stud. Preferably the plates have holes |68 therethrough which members such as reinforcing rods or pipes for carrying wiring may be passed should it be so desired. 'Ihese holes where not in use to permit passage of other things permit the concrete being placed to extrude and thereby tie the plates 'to the column.

In making use of the present invention in its preferred form a number @concrete studs 60 of desired length ci: heiglt are made of concrete with undercut grooves 62 in opposite faces thereof, or such other form of stud, such as the studs 60A or the studs 60C and 60D with two or more undercut grooves are similarly made and allowed to set and harden. Such iloor beams 94, MA and roof beams or joists 94B with the desired number of undercut grooves therein are also made up. Where it is intended to nail wall slabs or other members to such stud beams or joists, such grooves of these members as are to receive nails or the like are filled with the concrete of some well known type, which will permit nails to be driven therein without cracking of the concrete and such lling is allowed to set and harden. Also where it is desired to make use of a structure of column such as is illustrated in Fig. 32, such portion of column as is to be nailed to is filled with a suitable nailing concrete.

Wall slabs 65, floor slabs ||0 and roofing slabs ||3 are also made up of such desired width and length as may be desired with suitable undercut grooves extending continuously throughout their length, or shorter grooves properly spaced preferably in continuous lines. Where other articles are to be nailed to these slabs such as roong as shown in Fig. 31 the slab grooves are iilled with a suitable nailing concrete and this also allowed to set and harden. Such accessories and parts as window sills 81 and door frames 82 and/or other parts as may be needed are also made up ready for use.

Preferably a concrete foundation is laid down, such reinforcing rods 10 as it may be desired to use being embedded therein and allowed to project thereabove, the spacing of these rods being made to conform to the desired stud spacing or other spacing for the purposes for which they may be required. The wall studs 60 or other variant forms of such stud as are to be used are set up on the concrete foundation with the reinforcing rods in the grooves thereof and are suitably plumbed and braced. The rst row of wall slabs 65 on one or both Sides of such studs, usually however on the outer side only, are set up on the concrete foundation with their grooved sides facing the studs and are suitably clamped thereto in any desired manner, a suitable cushion or seat of mortar being provided both for studs and slabs. Freshly mixed bonding mortar or concrete, usually of rather fluid consistency is then filled into the vertical groove 62 on one side of the stud and flows or is worked downward inthe groove to thebottom of the slab. Such mortar or concrete thus placed spreads out into the grooves 66 of the slabs lling them in front other typeof filler may be used if desired. This Y t Y' second row of slabs is clamped in placeV and the is repeated. j Y

Where it is desiredv to reinforce the joints between the stud and slab, the reinforcing clips ll, or'll'A are of course placed before the bonding concrete or mortar is lled in. It will be noted that-some of these forms of clips when so placed will secure theslab 4tothe stud temporarily during the placing of thebonding co-ncrete.. v Y v Y, A Y

Where precast sla-bs are used ori-one side of the wall only, such other walll slab as the plaster board '14, tobe later finished lwith a plaster surface l5, or the wall boardV 89, is nailed directly to the nailing concrete 12A ofthe stud.

In thatv form of the wall shown in Fig. 19, the grooves of the studs 60C and 60D which are to receive the wall vslab 65A are aligned with the line of the` wallrwith one groove of each stud facing'an opposed grocveofA the next stud. One end of a wall slab 65A is slipped into a groove as the groove 62D of the stud 60C and the opposite end moved into alignment with the groove 02D of the stud 60D. The Wall slab is then shifted until its ends lie partially in the grooves of the two studs and thereafter such grooves are filled with bonding concrete to secure the slab and the operation repeated. The interior wall surface 89 is then placed and nailed, as before described.

The same operation is carried out with respect to the insulating board |03 in Fig. 22, except that preferably after the rst insulating board is placed a stiifening and reinforcing member |05 is placed on top of such board and the downwardly projecting points |01 are driven into the top of the board. A superposed board of the wall is then placed and driven down on the upwardly extending points |00 of the member |05. After completing the desired height of the wall the interior and/or exterior surface thereof may be plastered as shown.

operation of grouting together as above described Where stone slabs, tile slabs, or the like are i 62 of the stud, and at least one additional course.

of brick is laid up. Bonding concrete is then placed in the grooves G2 of the studs up tothe level of such latter course of brick and thereafter the operation repeated. Where it is desired, additional clips as theY clip 2l may be placed at the wall corner and the space between Vthe studs 00 and the brick courses be filled up either during the layingbf the brick or after the completion of the wall. Y

Y When the wall has been built up by any of the variations of the method hereinbefore dev scribed, oor beams 94 or ceiling beams, are placed on top of the studs 60 and the space between and around the ends of these beams is filled in with concrete to form a ring beam 93. Preferably shoulders 9| have been formed 1'0 on the studs 6U and pre-cast slabs 92 are supported on such shoulders to provide a form for the bottomv of the ring beam, though such bottom form might be otherwise made and supported if it were so desired. Preferably also the outer xg ,.Irjyall` slabs 65 are carried above the top of the ring beam to provide the outer form therefor,

and theinner wall surface 89 may also be carriedup for the same purpose, such reinforcing as is desired may beused and incorporated with the 20 ring beam concrete which is lledinrbetween the beams 94 `after they have been thus placed.

After the floor beams have been placed and set, the ceiling |99 may be nailed directly to the nailing concrete 12A on the underside thereof as shown in Fig. 29, the floor slabs III) may be laid on the beams and the bonding concrete III filled in between the ends thereof and into the beam groove 62 to tie the floor slabs to such 30 beams. Y

The roong slabs I I3 Iare placed on the roong joints 94B as are the slabs IIO on the beams 94A of Fig. 30, and are secured to the joists by filling in between the ends thereof by bonding concrete 35 IIIA.v The roong surface II6 may then be nailed directly lto the nailing concrete I I5 of these roong slabs. Y

In carrying out the construction shown in Figs. 40 to 46 inclusive, tworows of wall slabs 65 are set up and spaced apart by placing therebetween 5 a form plate |40, securing the clips |42 of the form plate in the grooves 66 of one Wall slab, and allowing the other side of the plate to abut the other slab. A second form plate is then set up at such distance from the first form plate as is desired to give the desired size of column, this second plate having its side edges reversed with rspect to the rst form plate so that its clips will'f. engage the grooves of the opposite row of slabs. Two superposed courses of slabs are placed, one course oneach of the first rows and form plates set up between the slabs vof these courses. Each of the form plates so placed is reversed with respect to. the plate therebelow with its bottom lugs interlocked with the lugs of the plate belw and itsrlipsinthe abutting wall slab, thus forming a tie againstnarer separation of the wall slabs. Concrete |41 is the`nlledinto the top of the first row of slabs, an additional Ydouble course of slabs placed andi-the oper-ations repeated. What I claim is: Y

A unit for building construction, comprising a precast concrete member having an undercut groove formed in a face thereof, the outer portion of said groove having sides extending inward substantially at right angles to the face of said member for substantially one half its depth, and thence diverging to the bottom of said groove.

LAWRENCE T. THORN. 

